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Road noise consists of three noise components: Drive noise – Sounds from the engine, transmission, and exhaust. Rolling noise - Sound generated by the interaction between tires and road surface. Wind turbulence noise – Sound created by air turbulence arou...

Tire-road noise is understood as the interaction between the tire and the road surface. This tire-road interaction contributes in various ways to the generation of road noise. Accordingly, the composition of the effect is complex. The mechanisms of generation ...

A good noise-reducing surface has a fine surface texture and easily accessible surface pores. A fine surface texture minimizes vibration noise while surface pores reduce air flow noise. Accessible cavities in the surface also act as sound absorbers, leading to...

For a surface to be considered low-noise in Switzerland, it must achieve a noise reduction of at least -1 dB(A) over its entire lifespan and an initial noise reduction of -3 dB(A) according to VSS 40 425 Noise-Reducing Pavements - Fundamentals1. To be regarded...

Acoustic Effects CH BAFU CPX Measurements of Road Surfaces Report On behalf of the Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU), the acoustic effect of various road surfaces in Switzerland is being investigated to close knowledge gaps regarding aging behavi...

VSS 40436 SDA surfaces are divided into several subtypes based on their void content and maximum grain size. 1 Type Maximum grain size in mm Application area SDA 4 4 urban areas SDA 8 8 urban areas with high mechanical stress, rural areas, national r...

More than five decades of research have led to a continuous development of low-noise road surfaces in Switzerland. While open-porous asphalts laid the foundation for noise-reducing pavement technologies, the development of semi-dense asphalts (SDA) marked a si...

International is only a part of the noise-reducing pavements that follow a similar concept to the Swiss SDA that are actually classified as "semi-dense." The requirements in international standards partially overlap with those of the Swiss SDA pavement. The ce...

Empirical data from practical experiences with SDA can be used to optimize the parameters of semi-dense asphalts (SDA surfaces) and improve their acoustic effectiveness. 1 The evaluation showed that the variety of mixtures approved in the standard VSS 40 436:...

The production of SDA mixtures in the asphalt mixing plant (see figure) differs from conventional asphalt mixtures, particularly due to the higher effort required for the grain distribution to ensure the desired void content. Typically, polymer-modified bitum...

Studies show that the failure to achieve the required noise reduction with SDA pavements is often due to the quality of the mix. In some cases, however, the installation process also plays a crucial role. Practical experiences demonstrate that favorable weath...

Winter service When clearing snow, care must be taken not to damage the surface layers. For example, snow plows should be operated with great caution. Preventively, especially with SDA surfaces that have a high void content, preventive salting can prevent the...

With a well-designed mixture and appropriate maintenance measures, the lifespan of SDA surfaces can be extended. Possible maintenance measures for prolonging lifespan include cleaning and grinding (milling or sanding) of the top surface layer. The optimal time...

The so-called life cycle costs (LCC) ideally encompass the entire life cycle of a structure, with the boundaries of consideration and the system needing to be clearly defined. They represent an integral evaluation tool that includes all relevant types of costs...